Description
Ethyl formate is a fast-evaporating, colorless liquid ester with a strong, fruity odor. It occurs naturally in some fruits and is often described as having a rum-like or raspberry aroma. This compound provides excellent volatility and solvency, making it ideal for use in flavorings, fragrances, and industrial cleaning applications.
Due to its low surface tension and rapid drying, ethyl formate acts as a highly effective solvent. It works well in formulations where quick evaporation is essential. Additionally, its biodegradability and moderate toxicity make it suitable for controlled-use environments.
Ethyl formate is also registered as a food-grade flavoring agent in many countries, including under FEMA GRAS and EU regulations.
Chemical Properties
Chemical Name: Ethyl Formate
Synonyms: Formic acid ethyl ester, Ethyl methanoate
Molecular Formula: C₃H₆O₂
Molecular Weight: 74.08 g/mol
CAS Number: 109-94-4
EC Number: 203-721-0
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Fruity, rum-like
Density: ~0.92 g/cm³
Boiling Point: 54°C
Flash Point: -20°C
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone; slightly soluble in water
Vapor Pressure: High (128 mmHg at 20°C)
Applications
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Flavorings: Adds fruity and rum-like notes to food and beverages.
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Fragrances: Used in perfumes, body sprays, and air fresheners.
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Solvent Systems: Ideal for coatings, adhesives, and extraction processes.
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Aerosols and Cleaners: Quickly evaporates from surfaces, leaving no residue.
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Chemical Intermediates: Acts as a building block in organic synthesis.
Industries of Use
Food and Beverage:
Ethyl formate is approved for use as a flavoring agent. It contributes sweet, ethereal notes to confectionery, liqueurs, and fruit-flavored products.
Fragrance and Cosmetics:
Its distinctive aroma makes it valuable in perfumes, personal care sprays, and fragrance oils.
Cleaning and Degreasing:
Formulators use ethyl formate in electronics and precision cleaning fluids. Its fast evaporation helps remove oils and contaminants efficiently.
Chemical Manufacturing:
This ester serves as an intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and specialty esters.
Printing and Coatings:
It improves solvent release and drying in quick-dry inks and coatings.
Storage Conditions
Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, well-ventilated area.
Keep away from heat, flames, and direct sunlight.
Use explosion-proof equipment in storage and handling.
Recommended storage temperature: 5–25°C
Shelf life: 12 months under proper storage conditions.
Packaging
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20 L HDPE drum
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200 L HDPE barrel
All packaging is UN-approved and labeled with product name, batch number, and hazard classifications.
Safety & Handling
Ethyl formate is highly flammable.
Use in ventilated areas and avoid ignition sources.
Wear chemical-resistant gloves and goggles.
Prevent prolonged skin or eye contact.
Dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.
